Membrane bioreactors represent a cutting-edge technology for wastewater treatment, offering enhanced efficiency and compact footprint. This review comprehensively explores the strategies employed to optimize their performance, encompassing factors like membrane selection, operational parameters, and pretreatment methods. The influence of transmembr

Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as a prominent technology for wastewater treatment due to their ability to achieve high removal rates. Hollow fiber membranes play a vital role in MBR systems, providing the separation layer necessary for separating biomass from treated water. Optimizing the performance of these membranes is essential for ac